This course provides an in-depth understanding of the physiological processes governing the growth and development of vegetable crops. It covers the role of cellular structures, phytohormones, plant growth regulators, and abiotic factors in influencing seed germination, dormancy, vegetative growth, flowering, fruit set, and ripening. The course also introduces morphogenesis, tissue culture, and grafting techniques for crop improvement and propagation. Emphasis is placed on applying physiological principles to enhance yield, quality, and crop management in vegetables.